Add Legacy-rate bounded Age lightning and explosions (#69)

docs/INSTABILITY_RUNTIME.md

@@ -6,4 +6,14 @@ The saved provider IDs are independent of installed handlers. A missing optional
 
 The server scheduler runs only for loaded `rivencraft:age/*` levels with a player present and an Age definition. It uses only chunks already loaded near those players, never requests a chunk, and rotates among eligible Ages when the per-tick cap is reached. Configuration bounds the cooldown (minimum 20 ticks), active Ages, handlers and actions per Age, effective provider level, and examined loaded chunks. A handler must claim a shared action permit before each effect. A throwing handler is logged and quarantined temporarily without stopping the server. World-mutating handlers are enabled by default to match Legacy; the setting can still disable them. These limits are guards for upcoming providers, not proof that an arbitrary third-party handler cannot misuse world APIs.
 
-Issue #67 registers the non-world-mutating potion handlers; see [status-effect policy](INSTABILITY_STATUS_EFFECTS.md). Issue #68 adds configurable [colored decay](INSTABILITY_DECAY.md), enabled by default for newly generated configs. Other world hazards remain for #69–#70. The runtime rejects Overworld and preview dimension IDs; its player requirement excludes unattended snapshot chunk loaders. GameTests cover deterministic selection, save round-trips, score-only migration, unknown IDs, scope checks, fair admission, and action caps.
+Issue #67 registers the non-world-mutating potion handlers; see [status-effect policy](INSTABILITY_STATUS_EFFECTS.md). Issue #68 adds configurable [colored decay](INSTABILITY_DECAY.md), enabled by default for newly generated configs. Issue #69 adds lightning and explosions; the remaining hazards belong to #70. The runtime rejects Overworld and preview dimension IDs; its player requirement excludes unattended snapshot chunk loaders. GameTests cover deterministic selection, save round-trips, score-only migration, unknown IDs, scope checks, fair admission, and action caps.
+
+# Lightning and explosions (#69)
+
+The `lightning` and `explosions` cards now run only in loaded Rivencraft Ages with players. Legacy rolled once per chunk per tick: explosions at 1/1000 and lightning at 1/5000 during thunder or 1/100000 otherwise. Each selected hazard card gets an independent roll every scheduler pass, rather than waiting for the rotating two-provider sample. The roll uses up to 81 already-loaded chunks near Age players and the exact probability of at least one Legacy opportunity over that many chunk-ticks. It permits at most one event per hazard type per pass. A per-Age saved sequence and last-event time prevent the same roll/event from replaying after a restart. Lightning also skips an existing bolt at the target.
+
+Legacy used a real lightning bolt and a flaming, block-damaging strength-3 explosion. Both remain enabled by default. Unlike Legacy, the bolt is visual-only and its damage/fire are applied through separate bounded paths. The explosion uses NeoForge's normal explosion hooks plus break-event checks, with a calculator that restricts destruction to one already-loaded chunk, protects spawn, block entities, portals, decay-protected blocks and Rivencraft infrastructure, and caps affected blocks and entity damage. The visual/audio explosion still occurs when griefing is disabled. `mobGriefing` and `doFireTick` gate block changes and ignition; survival/adventure player damage is separately configurable. These are deliberate modern server-safety differences from Legacy.
+
+Server config `instability_hazards` controls enablement, block damage, player damage, fire, interval, maximum nearby loaded chunks, maximum destroyed blocks, damaged entities, damage per entity, and explosion radius. `instability.world_mutation=false` also suppresses block damage and fire without suppressing visuals or entity damage. No hazard is dispatched into preview, Overworld, or another Age.
+
+For an operator smoke test inside an Age, `/rivencraft age hazard pulse lightning` and `/rivencraft age hazard pulse explosion` force one event in a safe loaded chunk. They still honor the Age scope, enable switch, cooldown, spawn exclusion, game rules and damage policies. Repeat after `minimum_gap_ticks` (default 20 ticks); run the same command in the Overworld to verify that it refuses to fire. The earlier 200-tick `min_interval_ticks` test key is retired; existing configs receive the new default when NeoForge corrects them.

docs/LEGACY_INSTABILITY_AUDIT.md

@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ These entry costs are from [`InstabilityData.initialize()`](https://github.com/M
 | --- | --- | --- |
 | Player and hostile-mob potions | Local/global blindness, fatigue, hunger, nausea, poison, slowness, weakness, wither; hostile regeneration/resistance ([`EffectPotion`](https://github.com/Mystcraft/Mystcraft-Legacy/blob/9bc8ddc061845df0cd5ea47f4fdef773cff786ae/src/main/java/com/xcompwiz/mystcraft/effects/EffectPotion.java)). | Implement in #67 with server-only, Age-scoped entity targeting and rate limits. No effects in preview/snapshot worlds. |
 | Colored decay | Blue, purple, red, white providers place advancing decay and extra-tick it; black provider is commented out. Decay handlers differ in spread/consumption ([providers](https://github.com/Mystcraft/Mystcraft-Legacy/tree/9bc8ddc061845df0cd5ea47f4fdef773cff786ae/src/main/java/com/xcompwiz/mystcraft/instability/providers), [handlers](https://github.com/Mystcraft/Mystcraft-Legacy/tree/9bc8ddc061845df0cd5ea47f4fdef773cff786ae/src/main/java/com/xcompwiz/mystcraft/instability/decay)). | Implement bounded, reversible-by-admin world mutation in #68; exact 1.12 spread/update rates require adaptation and tests. Exclude protected spawn/portal areas. Black/green/yellow are **not** proven active Legacy providers. |
-| Lightning and explosions | Random per-chunk strike/explosion attempts ([`EffectLightning`](https://github.com/Mystcraft/Mystcraft-Legacy/blob/9bc8ddc061845df0cd5ea47f4fdef773cff786ae/src/main/java/com/xcompwiz/mystcraft/effects/EffectLightning.java), [`EffectExplosions`](https://github.com/Mystcraft/Mystcraft-Legacy/blob/9bc8ddc061845df0cd5ea47f4fdef773cff786ae/src/main/java/com/xcompwiz/mystcraft/effects/EffectExplosions.java)). | Implement in #69 with explicit block-damage and fire policy; no effect outside the Age. |
+| Lightning and explosions | Random per-chunk strike/explosion attempts ([`EffectLightning`](https://github.com/Mystcraft/Mystcraft-Legacy/blob/9bc8ddc061845df0cd5ea47f4fdef773cff786ae/src/main/java/com/xcompwiz/mystcraft/effects/EffectLightning.java), [`EffectExplosions`](https://github.com/Mystcraft/Mystcraft-Legacy/blob/9bc8ddc061845df0cd5ea47f4fdef773cff786ae/src/main/java/com/xcompwiz/mystcraft/effects/EffectExplosions.java)). | Implemented in #69 with separate damage/fire/griefing policies and loaded-Age bounds; see `INSTABILITY_RUNTIME.md`. |
 | Meteor, scorching | Meteor entity spawn and sky-exposed entity ignition ([`EffectMeteor`](https://github.com/Mystcraft/Mystcraft-Legacy/blob/9bc8ddc061845df0cd5ea47f4fdef773cff786ae/src/main/java/com/xcompwiz/mystcraft/effects/EffectMeteor.java), [`EffectScorched`](https://github.com/Mystcraft/Mystcraft-Legacy/blob/9bc8ddc061845df0cd5ea47f4fdef773cff786ae/src/main/java/com/xcompwiz/mystcraft/effects/EffectScorched.java)). | #70: modern meteor entity/impact needs an explicit damage budget; scorching can use modern fire/damage checks. Legacy `meteor/roar.ogg` is available. |
 | Crumble and erosion | Crumble maps blocks to weaker states; erosion spreads adjacent fluids and has extra lake-generation methods ([`EffectCrumble`](https://github.com/Mystcraft/Mystcraft-Legacy/blob/9bc8ddc061845df0cd5ea47f4fdef773cff786ae/src/main/java/com/xcompwiz/mystcraft/effects/EffectCrumble.java), [`EffectErosion`](https://github.com/Mystcraft/Mystcraft-Legacy/blob/9bc8ddc061845df0cd5ea47f4fdef773cff786ae/src/main/java/com/xcompwiz/mystcraft/effects/EffectErosion.java)). | #70: bounded block palette and protected-area checks. Erosion's provider is commented out in Legacy registration: treat it as deliberate opt-in adaptation, not baseline parity. |
 | Extra ticks | Registered alongside blue/purple/red/white decay, targeting decay blocks ([`EffectExtraTicks`](https://github.com/Mystcraft/Mystcraft-Legacy/blob/9bc8ddc061845df0cd5ea47f4fdef773cff786ae/src/main/java/com/xcompwiz/mystcraft/effects/EffectExtraTicks.java)). | Implement only as a bounded decay helper in #68; do not accelerate arbitrary blocks/block entities. |

gradle.properties

@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ mod_name=Rivencraft
 # The license of the mod. Review your options at https://choosealicense.com/. All Rights Reserved is the default.
 mod_license=LGPL-3.0-or-later
 # The mod version. Rivencraft uses the x.y.z.b policy documented in README.md.
-mod_version=0.5.6.4
+mod_version=0.5.7.1
 immersive_portals_version=6.0.7
 terrablender_version=4.1.0.8
 serene_seasons_version_id=B6nTjh4b

src/main/java/net/dnorberg/rivencraft/Rivencraft.java

@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ import net.dnorberg.rivencraft.book.AgeWeatherService;
 import net.dnorberg.rivencraft.book.AgeInstabilityRuntime;
 import net.dnorberg.rivencraft.book.AgeStatusEffectProviders;
 import net.dnorberg.rivencraft.book.AgeDecayProviders;
+import net.dnorberg.rivencraft.book.AgeHazardProviders;
 import net.dnorberg.rivencraft.book.AgeRuntimeProfiles;
 import net.dnorberg.rivencraft.writing.SymbolCatalog;
 import net.neoforged.bus.api.IEventBus;
@@ -42,6 +43,7 @@ public final class Rivencraft {
         AgeDimensionService.register();
         AgeStatusEffectProviders.register();
         AgeDecayProviders.register();
+        AgeHazardProviders.register();
         modContainer.registerConfig(ModConfig.Type.SERVER, RivencraftConfig.SPEC);
         modContainer.registerConfig(ModConfig.Type.CLIENT, RivencraftClientConfig.SPEC);
         modEventBus.addListener(ModNetworking::register);

src/main/java/net/dnorberg/rivencraft/book/AgeHazardProviders.java

@@ -0,0 +1,306 @@
+package net.dnorberg.rivencraft.book;
+
+import java.util.Comparator;
+import java.util.HashSet;
+import java.util.LinkedHashSet;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Optional;
+import java.util.Random;
+import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.UUID;
+import net.dnorberg.rivencraft.Rivencraft;
+import net.dnorberg.rivencraft.config.RivencraftConfig;
+import net.minecraft.core.BlockPos;
+import net.minecraft.core.registries.BuiltInRegistries;
+import net.minecraft.resources.ResourceLocation;
+import net.minecraft.server.level.ServerLevel;
+import net.minecraft.server.level.ServerPlayer;
+import net.minecraft.tags.BlockTags;
+import net.minecraft.world.entity.Entity;
+import net.minecraft.world.entity.EntityType;
+import net.minecraft.world.entity.LightningBolt;
+import net.minecraft.world.entity.LivingEntity;
+import net.minecraft.world.entity.player.Player;
+import net.minecraft.world.level.BlockGetter;
+import net.minecraft.world.level.ChunkPos;
+import net.minecraft.world.level.Explosion;
+import net.minecraft.world.level.ExplosionDamageCalculator;
+import net.minecraft.world.level.GameRules;
+import net.minecraft.world.level.Level;
+import net.minecraft.world.level.block.Blocks;
+import net.minecraft.world.level.block.state.BlockState;
+import net.minecraft.world.level.levelgen.Heightmap;
+import net.minecraft.world.level.material.FluidState;
+import net.minecraft.world.phys.AABB;
+import net.neoforged.neoforge.common.NeoForge;
+import net.neoforged.neoforge.common.util.FakePlayerFactory;
+import net.neoforged.neoforge.event.level.BlockEvent;
+
+/** Legacy hazard cards, with one loaded-chunk event and explicit damage budgets. */
+public final class AgeHazardProviders {
+    private static final ResourceLocation LIGHTNING = id("lightning");
+    private static final ResourceLocation EXPLOSIONS = id("explosions");
+
+    private AgeHazardProviders() {}
+
+    public static void register() {
+        // Visuals and entity damage remain available when block mutation is disabled.
+        AgeInstabilityRuntime.register(LIGHTNING, false, AgeHazardProviders::apply);
+        AgeInstabilityRuntime.register(EXPLOSIONS, false, AgeHazardProviders::apply);
+    }
+
+    static boolean isHazard(ResourceLocation id) {
+        return LIGHTNING.equals(id) || EXPLOSIONS.equals(id);
+    }
+
+    /** Roll every selected hazard card each scheduler pass, independently of other providers. */
+    static void tickPlanned(ServerLevel level, AgeDefinition age, long tick) {
+        if (!RivencraftConfig.hazardsEnabled()) return;
+        List<AgeInstabilityPlan.ProviderLevel> hazards = age.instabilityPlan().providers().stream()
+                .filter(provider -> isHazard(provider.id())).toList();
+        if (hazards.isEmpty()) return;
+        List<ChunkPos> chunks = loadedChunksNearPlayers(level, RivencraftConfig.hazardsMaxChunks());
+        if (chunks.isEmpty()) return;
+        for (AgeInstabilityPlan.ProviderLevel hazard : hazards) {
+            var context = new AgeInstabilityRuntime.Context(level, age, chunks, tick,
+                    new AgeInstabilityRuntime.Budget(1));
+            AgeInstabilityRuntime.invoke(context, hazard.id(), hazard.level());
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static List<ChunkPos> loadedChunksNearPlayers(ServerLevel level, int maximum) {
+        Set<ChunkPos> chunks = new LinkedHashSet<>();
+        List<ServerPlayer> players = level.players().stream()
+                .sorted(Comparator.comparing(Entity::getUUID)).toList();
+        for (int radius = 0; radius <= 4; radius++) {
+            for (int dx = -radius; dx <= radius; dx++) {
+                for (int dz = -radius; dz <= radius; dz++) {
+                    if (Math.max(Math.abs(dx), Math.abs(dz)) != radius) continue;
+                    for (ServerPlayer player : players) {
+                        ChunkPos center = player.chunkPosition();
+                        int x = center.x + dx;
+                        int z = center.z + dz;
+                        if (level.getChunkSource().hasChunk(x, z)) chunks.add(new ChunkPos(x, z));
+                        if (chunks.size() >= maximum) return List.copyOf(chunks);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return List.copyOf(chunks);
+    }
+
+    /** Operator-only test pulse; skips the random roll, not Age, cooldown, or safety checks. */
+    public static int pulseForTesting(ServerPlayer player, boolean lightning) {
+        ServerLevel level = player.serverLevel();
+        if (!RivencraftConfig.hazardsEnabled()
+                || !AgeInstabilityRuntime.isAgeDimension(level.dimension().location())) return -1;
+        AgeDefinition age = AgeRegistrySavedData.get(level).findByDimension(level.dimension().location()).orElse(null);
+        if (age == null) return -1;
+        AgeHazardSavedData data = AgeHazardSavedData.get(level);
+        if (!data.ready(lightning, level.getGameTime(), RivencraftConfig.hazardsMinInterval())) return 0;
+        ChunkPos center = player.chunkPosition();
+        for (int dx = -1; dx <= 1; dx++) {
+            for (int dz = -1; dz <= 1; dz++) {
+                ChunkPos chunk = new ChunkPos(center.x + dx, center.z + dz);
+                if (!level.getChunkSource().hasChunk(chunk.x, chunk.z)) continue;
+                int x = chunk.getMinBlockX() + 8;
+                int z = chunk.getMinBlockZ() + 8;
+                int y = lightning ? level.getHeight(Heightmap.Types.MOTION_BLOCKING, x, z)
+                        : player.getBlockY();
+                BlockPos pos = new BlockPos(x, y, z);
+                var context = new AgeInstabilityRuntime.Context(level, age, List.of(chunk),
+                        level.getServer().getTickCount(), new AgeInstabilityRuntime.Budget(1));
+                if (!safeTarget(context, pos, 8)) continue;
+                data.nextAttempt();
+                data.record(lightning, level.getGameTime());
+                if (lightning) strike(level, age, chunk, pos);
+                else explode(level, age, chunk, pos);
+                return 1;
+            }
+        }
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    static void apply(AgeInstabilityRuntime.Context context, ResourceLocation id, int effectiveLevel) {
+        ServerLevel level = context.level();
+        if (!RivencraftConfig.hazardsEnabled() || context.loadedChunks().isEmpty()
+                || !AgeInstabilityRuntime.isAgeDimension(level.dimension().location())
+                || !context.age().dimensionId().equals(level.dimension().location())) return;
+        boolean lightning = id.equals(LIGHTNING);
+        if (!lightning && !id.equals(EXPLOSIONS)) return;
+        AgeHazardSavedData data = AgeHazardSavedData.get(level);
+        long gameTime = level.getGameTime();
+        if (!data.ready(lightning, gameTime, RivencraftConfig.hazardsMinInterval())) return;
+        Random random = new Random(context.age().seed() ^ data.nextAttempt() * 0x9E3779B97F4A7C15L
+                ^ id.hashCode());
+        int legacyDenominator = lightning ? level.isRaining() && level.isThundering() ? 5000 : 100000 : 1000;
+        // Legacy rolled once per chunk per tick; the shared scheduler visits this Age every >=20 ticks.
+        double chance = legacyChance(context.loadedChunks().size(), RivencraftConfig.instabilityCooldown(),
+                effectiveLevel, legacyDenominator);
+        if (random.nextDouble() >= chance) return;
+        ChunkPos chunk = context.loadedChunks().get(random.nextInt(context.loadedChunks().size()));
+        int margin = lightning ? 2 : 6;
+        int x = chunk.getMinBlockX() + margin + random.nextInt(16 - margin * 2);
+        int z = chunk.getMinBlockZ() + margin + random.nextInt(16 - margin * 2);
+        int y = lightning ? level.getHeight(Heightmap.Types.MOTION_BLOCKING, x, z)
+                : level.getMinBuildHeight() + 1 + random.nextInt(level.getHeight() - 2);
+        BlockPos pos = new BlockPos(x, y, z);
+        if (!safeTarget(context, pos, 8) || !context.budget().claim()) return;
+        data.record(lightning, gameTime); // persist before dispatch so a restart cannot replay the event
+        if (lightning) strike(level, context.age(), chunk, pos);
+        else explode(level, context.age(), chunk, pos);
+    }
+
+    static double legacyChance(int loadedChunks, int intervalTicks, int copies, int denominator) {
+        if (loadedChunks <= 0 || intervalTicks <= 0 || copies <= 0 || denominator <= 0) return 0;
+        return 1.0 - Math.pow(1.0 - 1.0 / denominator, (double) loadedChunks * intervalTicks * copies);
+    }
+
+    static boolean safeTarget(AgeInstabilityRuntime.Context context, BlockPos pos, int spawnMargin) {
+        if (!AgeDecayProviders.isLoadedTarget(context.level(), context.loadedChunks(), pos)) return false;
+        BlockPos spawn = context.age().spawn();
+        return spawn == null || Math.abs(pos.getX() - spawn.getX()) > spawnMargin
+                || Math.abs(pos.getZ() - spawn.getZ()) > spawnMargin;
+    }
+
+    private static void strike(ServerLevel level, AgeDefinition age, ChunkPos chunk, BlockPos pos) {
+        AABB bounds = new AABB(pos).inflate(2);
+        if (!level.getEntitiesOfClass(LightningBolt.class, bounds).isEmpty()) return;
+        LightningBolt bolt = EntityType.LIGHTNING_BOLT.create(level);
+        if (bolt == null) return;
+        bolt.setPos(pos.getX() + 0.5, pos.getY(), pos.getZ() + 0.5);
+        bolt.setVisualOnly(true); // vanilla bolt damage/fire bypasses our explicit budgets
+        if (!level.addFreshEntity(bolt)) return;
+        List<LivingEntity> targets = level.getEntitiesOfClass(LivingEntity.class, bounds,
+                entity -> entity.isAlive() && entity.level() == level && eligibleEntity(entity));
+        targets.sort(Comparator.comparing(Entity::getUUID));
+        int count = 0;
+        for (LivingEntity target : targets) {
+            if (count++ >= RivencraftConfig.hazardsMaxEntities()) break;
+            if (RivencraftConfig.hazardsMaxDamage() > 0)
+                target.hurt(level.damageSources().lightningBolt(), Math.min(5, RivencraftConfig.hazardsMaxDamage()));
+        }
+        // Legacy lightning started fires. Keep it separately gated by block policy and game rule.
+        if (canMutate(level) && RivencraftConfig.hazardsFire()
+                && level.getGameRules().getBoolean(GameRules.RULE_DOFIRETICK)
+                && !AgeDecayProviders.isSpawnProtected(age, pos)
+                && AgeDecayProviders.isLoadedTarget(level, List.of(chunk), pos)) ignite(level, pos);
+    }
+
+    private static void explode(ServerLevel level, AgeDefinition age, ChunkPos chunk, BlockPos pos) {
+        boolean grief = canMutate(level) && RivencraftConfig.hazardsBlockDamage()
+                && RivencraftConfig.hazardsMaxBlocks() > 0;
+        boolean fire = grief && RivencraftConfig.hazardsFire()
+                && level.getGameRules().getBoolean(GameRules.RULE_DOFIRETICK);
+        Explosion explosion = level.explode(null, null, new BoundedExplosion(level, age, chunk, grief),
+                pos.getX() + 0.5, pos.getY() + 0.5, pos.getZ() + 0.5,
+                RivencraftConfig.hazardsExplosionRadius(), false,
+                grief ? Level.ExplosionInteraction.BLOCK : Level.ExplosionInteraction.NONE);
+        if (fire) {
+            int ignited = 0;
+            for (BlockPos affected : explosion.getToBlow()) {
+                if (ignited >= 4) break;
+                if (!AgeDecayProviders.isSpawnProtected(age, affected) && ignite(level, affected)) ignited++;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static boolean ignite(ServerLevel level, BlockPos pos) {
+        if (!level.getBlockState(pos).isAir() || !Blocks.FIRE.defaultBlockState().canSurvive(level, pos))
+            return false;
+        var actor = FakePlayerFactory.getMinecraft(level);
+        actor.setPos(pos.getX() + 0.5, pos.getY(), pos.getZ() + 0.5);
+        var snapshot = net.neoforged.neoforge.common.util.BlockSnapshot.create(level.dimension(), level, pos);
+        BlockState prior = level.getBlockState(pos);
+        if (!level.setBlock(pos, Blocks.FIRE.defaultBlockState(), 3)) return false;
+        var place = new BlockEvent.EntityPlaceEvent(snapshot, prior, actor);
+        NeoForge.EVENT_BUS.post(place);
+        if (place.isCanceled()) {
+            snapshot.restore();
+            return false;
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    private static boolean canMutate(ServerLevel level) {
+        return RivencraftConfig.instabilityWorldMutation()
+                && level.getGameRules().getBoolean(GameRules.RULE_MOBGRIEFING);
+    }
+
+    private static boolean eligibleEntity(Entity entity) {
+        return !(entity instanceof Player player) || RivencraftConfig.hazardsPlayerDamage()
+                && !player.isCreative() && !player.isSpectator();
+    }
+
+    private static ResourceLocation id(String path) {
+        return ResourceLocation.fromNamespaceAndPath(Rivencraft.MOD_ID, path);
+    }
+
+    private static final class BoundedExplosion extends ExplosionDamageCalculator {
+        private final ServerLevel level;
+        private final AgeDefinition age;
+        private final ChunkPos chunk;
+        private final boolean grief;
+        private final Set<BlockPos> approved = new HashSet<>();
+        private final Set<UUID> damagedEntities = new HashSet<>();
+        private int damaged;
+
+        private BoundedExplosion(ServerLevel level, AgeDefinition age, ChunkPos chunk, boolean grief) {
+            this.level = level;
+            this.age = age;
+            this.chunk = chunk;
+            this.grief = grief;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public Optional<Float> getBlockExplosionResistance(Explosion explosion, BlockGetter reader,
+                BlockPos pos, BlockState state, FluidState fluid) {
+            if (!inLoadedChunk(pos)) return Optional.of(Float.MAX_VALUE);
+            return super.getBlockExplosionResistance(explosion, reader, pos, state, fluid);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public boolean shouldBlockExplode(Explosion explosion, BlockGetter reader, BlockPos pos,
+                BlockState state, float power) {
+            if (!grief || !inLoadedChunk(pos) || state.isAir() || state.hasBlockEntity()
+                    || state.is(Blocks.TNT)
+                    || state.is(AgeDecayProviders.PROTECTED) || state.is(BlockTags.PORTALS)
+                    || AgeDecayProviders.isSpawnProtected(age, pos)
+                    || state.getDestroySpeed(level, pos) < 0
+                    || BuiltInRegistries.BLOCK.getKey(state.getBlock()).getNamespace().equals(Rivencraft.MOD_ID)) return false;
+            if (approved.contains(pos)) return true;
+            if (approved.size() >= RivencraftConfig.hazardsMaxBlocks()) return false;
+            var actor = FakePlayerFactory.getMinecraft(level);
+            actor.setPos(pos.getX() + 0.5, pos.getY() + 0.5, pos.getZ() + 0.5);
+            var event = new BlockEvent.BreakEvent(level, pos, state, actor);
+            NeoForge.EVENT_BUS.post(event);
+            if (event.isCanceled()) return false;
+            approved.add(pos.immutable());
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public boolean shouldDamageEntity(Explosion explosion, Entity entity) {
+            if (damaged >= RivencraftConfig.hazardsMaxEntities() || !eligibleEntity(entity)
+                    || RivencraftConfig.hazardsMaxDamage() == 0) return false;
+            damaged++;
+            damagedEntities.add(entity.getUUID());
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public float getEntityDamageAmount(Explosion explosion, Entity entity) {
+            return Math.min(super.getEntityDamageAmount(explosion, entity), RivencraftConfig.hazardsMaxDamage());
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public float getKnockbackMultiplier(Entity entity) {
+            return damagedEntities.contains(entity.getUUID()) ? 1.0F : 0.0F;
+        }
+
+        private boolean inLoadedChunk(BlockPos pos) {
+            return level.isInWorldBounds(pos) && new ChunkPos(pos).equals(chunk)
+                    && level.getChunkSource().hasChunk(chunk.x, chunk.z);
+        }
+    }
+}

src/main/java/net/dnorberg/rivencraft/book/AgeHazardSavedData.java

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+package net.dnorberg.rivencraft.book;
+
+import net.minecraft.core.HolderLookup;
+import net.minecraft.nbt.CompoundTag;
+import net.minecraft.server.level.ServerLevel;
+import net.minecraft.util.datafix.DataFixTypes;
+import net.minecraft.world.level.saveddata.SavedData;
+
+/** Per-Age hazard sequence and cooldowns survive unloads and server restarts. */
+public final class AgeHazardSavedData extends SavedData {
+    private static final Factory<AgeHazardSavedData> FACTORY = new Factory<>(AgeHazardSavedData::new,
+            AgeHazardSavedData::load, DataFixTypes.SAVED_DATA_MAP_DATA);
+    private long attempts;
+    private long lastLightning = Long.MIN_VALUE;
+    private long lastExplosion = Long.MIN_VALUE;
+
+    public static AgeHazardSavedData get(ServerLevel level) {
+        return level.getDataStorage().computeIfAbsent(FACTORY, "rivencraft_hazards");
+    }
+
+    public long nextAttempt() {
+        setDirty();
+        return attempts++;
+    }
+
+    public boolean ready(boolean lightning, long gameTime, int interval) {
+        long last = lightning ? lastLightning : lastExplosion;
+        return last == Long.MIN_VALUE || gameTime < last || gameTime - last >= interval;
+    }
+
+    public void record(boolean lightning, long gameTime) {
+        if (lightning) lastLightning = gameTime;
+        else lastExplosion = gameTime;
+        setDirty();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public CompoundTag save(CompoundTag tag, HolderLookup.Provider registries) {
+        tag.putLong("Attempts", attempts);
+        tag.putLong("LastLightning", lastLightning);
+        tag.putLong("LastExplosion", lastExplosion);
+        return tag;
+    }
+
+    static AgeHazardSavedData load(CompoundTag tag, HolderLookup.Provider registries) {
+        AgeHazardSavedData data = new AgeHazardSavedData();
+        data.attempts = Math.max(0L, tag.getLong("Attempts"));
+        if (tag.contains("LastLightning")) data.lastLightning = tag.getLong("LastLightning");
+        if (tag.contains("LastExplosion")) data.lastExplosion = tag.getLong("LastExplosion");
+        return data;
+    }
+}

src/main/java/net/dnorberg/rivencraft/book/AgeInstabilityRuntime.java

@@ -53,6 +53,8 @@ public final class AgeInstabilityRuntime {
                 RivencraftConfig.instabilityMaxAges())) return;
         AgeDefinition age = AgeRegistrySavedData.get(level).findByDimension(level.dimension().location()).orElse(null);
         if (age == null || age.instabilityPlan().providers().isEmpty()) return;
+        // Legacy's per-chunk hazards must not wait for the rotating two-provider sample.
+        AgeHazardProviders.tickPlanned(level, age, tick);
         List<ChunkPos> chunks = loadedChunksNearPlayers(level, RivencraftConfig.instabilityMaxChunks());
         if (chunks.isEmpty()) return;
         Budget budget = new Budget(RivencraftConfig.instabilityMaxActions());
@@ -63,30 +65,36 @@ public final class AgeInstabilityRuntime {
         for (int offset = 0; offset < providers.size() && ran < RivencraftConfig.instabilityMaxProviders()
                 && budget.remaining() > 0; offset++) {
             AgeInstabilityPlan.ProviderLevel provider = providers.get((first + offset) % providers.size());
-            Handler handler = HANDLERS.get(provider.id());
+            if (AgeHazardProviders.isHazard(provider.id())) continue;
-            if (handler == null) {
+            if (invoke(context, provider.id(), provider.level())) ran++;
-                if (!InstabilityProviderCatalog.contains(provider.id()) && UNKNOWN_LOGGED.add(provider.id())) {
-                    Rivencraft.LOGGER.warn("Saved Age references unknown instability provider {}; skipping it",
-                            provider.id());
-                }
-                continue;
-            }
-            if (handler.worldMutating() && !RivencraftConfig.instabilityWorldMutation()) continue;
-            long retryAfter = FAILURES.computeIfAbsent(level, ignored -> new HashMap<>())
-                    .getOrDefault(provider.id(), 0L);
-            if (tick < retryAfter) continue;
-            ran++;
-            try {
-                handler.effect().apply(context, provider.id(),
-                        Math.min(provider.level(), RivencraftConfig.instabilityMaxLevel()));
-            } catch (RuntimeException exception) {
-                FAILURES.get(level).put(provider.id(), tick + Math.max(200L, cooldown * 10L));
-                Rivencraft.LOGGER.error("Instability provider {} failed in Age {}; temporarily quarantined",
-                        provider.id(), age.id(), exception);
-            }
         }
     }
 
+    /** Shared handler guard, including quarantine, for rotating and per-chunk provider lanes. */
+    static boolean invoke(Context context, ResourceLocation id, int level) {
+        Handler handler = HANDLERS.get(id);
+        if (handler == null) {
+            if (!InstabilityProviderCatalog.contains(id) && UNKNOWN_LOGGED.add(id)) {
+                Rivencraft.LOGGER.warn("Saved Age references unknown instability provider {}; skipping it", id);
+            }
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (handler.worldMutating() && !RivencraftConfig.instabilityWorldMutation()) return false;
+        long retryAfter = FAILURES.computeIfAbsent(context.level(), ignored -> new HashMap<>())
+                .getOrDefault(id, 0L);
+        if (context.serverTick() < retryAfter) return false;
+        try {
+            handler.effect().apply(context, id,
+                    Math.min(level, RivencraftConfig.instabilityMaxLevel()));
+        } catch (RuntimeException exception) {
+            FAILURES.get(context.level()).put(id, context.serverTick()
+                    + Math.max(200L, RivencraftConfig.instabilityCooldown() * 10L));
+            Rivencraft.LOGGER.error("Instability provider {} failed in Age {}; temporarily quarantined",
+                    id, context.age().id(), exception);
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
     public static void onServerStopping(ServerStoppingEvent event) {
         TICKS.remove(event.getServer());
         FAILURES.clear();

src/main/java/net/dnorberg/rivencraft/book/AgeInstabilityRuntimeGameTests.java

@@ -78,4 +78,39 @@ public final class AgeInstabilityRuntimeGameTests {
         helper.assertValueEqual(budget.remaining(), 0, "The budget must not go negative");
         helper.succeed();
     }
+
+    @GameTest(template = "empty")
+    public static void hazardCooldownAndAttemptSequenceSurviveReload(GameTestHelper helper) {
+        AgeHazardSavedData data = new AgeHazardSavedData();
+        helper.assertTrue(data.ready(true, 1000, 200) && data.ready(false, 1000, 200),
+                "Each hazard type starts eligible independently");
+        helper.assertValueEqual(data.nextAttempt(), 0L, "First hazard roll has a stable sequence");
+        data.record(true, 1000);
+        helper.assertTrue(!data.ready(true, 1199, 200) && data.ready(false, 1199, 200),
+                "Lightning cooldown must not suppress explosions");
+        AgeHazardSavedData restored = AgeHazardSavedData.load(
+                data.save(new CompoundTag(), helper.getLevel().registryAccess()),
+                helper.getLevel().registryAccess());
+        helper.assertValueEqual(restored.nextAttempt(), 1L, "Restart must not replay the previous roll");
+        helper.assertTrue(!restored.ready(true, 1199, 200) && restored.ready(true, 1200, 200),
+                "Reloaded cooldown must still enforce the minimum interval");
+        helper.succeed();
+    }
+
+    @GameTest(template = "empty")
+    public static void hazardRollMatchesLegacyChunkOpportunity(GameTestHelper helper) {
+        double oneChunk = AgeHazardProviders.legacyChance(1, 1, 1, 1000);
+        double nearby = AgeHazardProviders.legacyChance(81, 20, 1, 1000);
+        double thunder = AgeHazardProviders.legacyChance(81, 20, 1, 5000);
+        double clear = AgeHazardProviders.legacyChance(81, 20, 1, 100000);
+        helper.assertTrue(Math.abs(oneChunk - 0.001) < 0.000001,
+                "One chunk tick must retain Legacy's 1/1000 explosion roll");
+        helper.assertTrue(nearby > 0.79 && nearby < 0.82,
+                "Nearby loaded chunks must produce frequent bounded explosions");
+        helper.assertTrue(thunder > clear && clear > 0,
+                "Legacy lightning must be more frequent in thunder than clear weather");
+        helper.assertTrue(AgeHazardProviders.legacyChance(0, 20, 1, 1000) == 0,
+                "Unloaded chunks must never produce a hazard opportunity");
+        helper.succeed();
+    }
 }

src/main/java/net/dnorberg/rivencraft/command/RivencraftCommands.java

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import com.mojang.brigadier.arguments.IntegerArgumentType;
 import net.dnorberg.rivencraft.block.DecayBlock;
 import net.dnorberg.rivencraft.book.AgeDefinition;
 import net.dnorberg.rivencraft.book.AgeDecayProviders;
+import net.dnorberg.rivencraft.book.AgeHazardProviders;
 import net.dnorberg.rivencraft.book.AgeDimensionService;
 import net.dnorberg.rivencraft.book.AgeRegistrySavedData;
 import net.minecraft.commands.Commands;
@@ -46,7 +47,13 @@ public final class RivencraftCommands {
                                                 .then(Commands.argument("attempts", IntegerArgumentType.integer(1, 32))
                                                         .executes(context -> pulseDecay(context.getSource(),
                                                                 StringArgumentType.getString(context, "color"),
-                                                                IntegerArgumentType.getInteger(context, "attempts")))))))));
+                                                                IntegerArgumentType.getInteger(context, "attempts")))))))
+                        .then(Commands.literal("hazard")
+                                .then(Commands.literal("pulse")
+                                        .then(Commands.literal("lightning")
+                                                .executes(context -> pulseHazard(context.getSource(), true)))
+                                        .then(Commands.literal("explosion")
+                                                .executes(context -> pulseHazard(context.getSource(), false)))))));
     }
 
     private static int listAges(net.minecraft.commands.CommandSourceStack source) {
@@ -118,4 +125,17 @@ public final class RivencraftCommands {
                 + " block(s) converted in " + attempts + " bounded attempt(s)."), true);
         return changed;
     }
+
+    private static int pulseHazard(net.minecraft.commands.CommandSourceStack source, boolean lightning) {
+        if (source.getPlayer() == null) {
+            source.sendFailure(Component.literal("Run this command as a player standing in an Age."));
+            return 0;
+        }
+        int result = AgeHazardProviders.pulseForTesting(source.getPlayer(), lightning);
+        if (result < 0) source.sendFailure(Component.literal("Enter a loaded Age and enable instability_hazards.enabled first."));
+        else if (result == 0) source.sendFailure(Component.literal("Hazard is on cooldown or no safe loaded target is available."));
+        else source.sendSuccess(() -> Component.literal("Triggered one bounded "
+                + (lightning ? "lightning strike" : "explosion") + " in this Age."), true);
+        return Math.max(0, result);
+    }
 }

src/main/java/net/dnorberg/rivencraft/config/RivencraftConfig.java

@@ -35,6 +35,16 @@ public final class RivencraftConfig {
     private static final ModConfigSpec.IntValue STATUS_EFFECTS_MAX_DURATION;
     private static final ModConfigSpec.BooleanValue DECAY_ENABLED;
     private static final ModConfigSpec.IntValue DECAY_MAX_ATTEMPTS;
+    private static final ModConfigSpec.BooleanValue HAZARDS_ENABLED;
+    private static final ModConfigSpec.BooleanValue HAZARDS_BLOCK_DAMAGE;
+    private static final ModConfigSpec.BooleanValue HAZARDS_PLAYER_DAMAGE;
+    private static final ModConfigSpec.BooleanValue HAZARDS_FIRE;
+    private static final ModConfigSpec.IntValue HAZARDS_MIN_INTERVAL;
+    private static final ModConfigSpec.IntValue HAZARDS_MAX_CHUNKS;
+    private static final ModConfigSpec.IntValue HAZARDS_MAX_BLOCKS;
+    private static final ModConfigSpec.IntValue HAZARDS_MAX_ENTITIES;
+    private static final ModConfigSpec.IntValue HAZARDS_MAX_DAMAGE;
+    private static final ModConfigSpec.IntValue HAZARDS_EXPLOSION_RADIUS;
 
     static {
         ModConfigSpec.Builder builder = new ModConfigSpec.Builder();
@@ -97,6 +107,29 @@ public final class RivencraftConfig {
         DECAY_MAX_ATTEMPTS = builder.comment("Maximum six-neighbor decay conversion attempts per provider call; at most one block changes.")
                 .defineInRange("max_attempts_per_call", 4, 1, 6);
         builder.pop();
+        builder.push("instability_hazards");
+        HAZARDS_ENABLED = builder.comment("Run Legacy lightning and explosion cards in loaded Ages.")
+                .define("enabled", true);
+        HAZARDS_BLOCK_DAMAGE = builder.comment("Allow explosions to destroy blocks. Also requires instability.world_mutation and mobGriefing.")
+                .define("block_damage", true);
+        HAZARDS_PLAYER_DAMAGE = builder.comment("Allow lightning and explosions to hurt survival/adventure players.")
+                .define("player_damage", true);
+        HAZARDS_FIRE = builder.comment("Allow lightning and explosions to ignite blocks when doFireTick is enabled.")
+                .define("fire", true);
+        HAZARDS_MIN_INTERVAL = builder.comment("Minimum game ticks between hazard events of each type in one Age.",
+                        "Renamed from min_interval_ticks so existing 200-tick test configs receive the Legacy-rate default.")
+                .defineInRange("minimum_gap_ticks", 20, 20, 12000);
+        HAZARDS_MAX_CHUNKS = builder.comment("Maximum already-loaded chunks sampled around Age players per hazard roll.")
+                .defineInRange("max_loaded_chunks", 81, 1, 169);
+        HAZARDS_MAX_BLOCKS = builder.comment("Maximum distinct blocks one instability explosion may destroy.")
+                .defineInRange("max_explosion_blocks", 16, 0, 64);
+        HAZARDS_MAX_ENTITIES = builder.comment("Maximum entities damaged by one hazard event.")
+                .defineInRange("max_damaged_entities", 8, 0, 32);
+        HAZARDS_MAX_DAMAGE = builder.comment("Maximum damage per entity from one hazard event.")
+                .defineInRange("max_entity_damage", 12, 0, 40);
+        HAZARDS_EXPLOSION_RADIUS = builder.comment("Explosion strength. Legacy used 3; capped to remain inside one loaded chunk.")
+                .defineInRange("explosion_radius", 3, 1, 3);
+        builder.pop();
         SPEC = builder.build();
     }
 
@@ -136,4 +169,14 @@ public final class RivencraftConfig {
     public static int statusEffectsMaxDuration() { return STATUS_EFFECTS_MAX_DURATION.get(); }
     public static boolean decayEnabled() { return DECAY_ENABLED.get(); }
     public static int decayMaxAttempts() { return DECAY_MAX_ATTEMPTS.get(); }
+    public static boolean hazardsEnabled() { return HAZARDS_ENABLED.get(); }
+    public static boolean hazardsBlockDamage() { return HAZARDS_BLOCK_DAMAGE.get(); }
+    public static boolean hazardsPlayerDamage() { return HAZARDS_PLAYER_DAMAGE.get(); }
+    public static boolean hazardsFire() { return HAZARDS_FIRE.get(); }
+    public static int hazardsMinInterval() { return HAZARDS_MIN_INTERVAL.get(); }
+    public static int hazardsMaxChunks() { return HAZARDS_MAX_CHUNKS.get(); }
+    public static int hazardsMaxBlocks() { return HAZARDS_MAX_BLOCKS.get(); }
+    public static int hazardsMaxEntities() { return HAZARDS_MAX_ENTITIES.get(); }
+    public static int hazardsMaxDamage() { return HAZARDS_MAX_DAMAGE.get(); }
+    public static int hazardsExplosionRadius() { return HAZARDS_EXPLOSION_RADIUS.get(); }
 }